digital equipment corporation • maynard, massachusetts
ADDRESS
USER I
SUPER I
KERNEL I
PROG PHY
USER D
SUPER D
KERNEL D
CONS PHY
POWER
LOCK
OFF
DATA
DATA PATHS
µ ADRS FPP/CPU
BUS REGISTER
DISPLAY REGISTER
ADRS ERR
RUN
PAUSE
MASTER
USER
SUPER
KERNEL
DATA
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
LOAD ADRS
EXAM
CONT
ENABLEHALT
S INSTS BUS
START
DEP
REG EXAM
REG DEP
console
PDP 11/45 Emulator - v3.1 August 2020
This is a PDP 11/45 version of the
PDP 11/70
emulator. Because a PDP 11/45 has less memory it is not able to run some of the software a PDP 11/70 can.
The PDP 11/45 was released in 1972 and is an older less powerful version of the PDP 11/70 which was released in 1975. It is the second implementation of the PDP 11 following on from the PDP 11/20, which had an odd coupling of a 16 address bit processor to an 18 address bit bus. Naturally then, the PDP 11/45 had to include some form of memory management!
The PDP 11/45 has the same processor as the PDP 11/70 but lacks 22 bit addressing, restricting it to 124KW of physical memory instead of 4MB. It also lacks unibus mapping and a number of the PDP 11/70's special control registers. But still it has three addressing modes (Kernel, Supervisor, and User) and implements split Instruction and Data addressing. Split I&D cause Instruction memory references based on the the use of the program counter to map seperately from general addressing. As a result a program can have 32768 words of instruction memory
AND
32768 words of data. Some of the newer operating systems such as BSD require this capability to fit programs into memory. Sadly a PDP 11/45 can't run BSD because the system maximum memory limit of 124KW is not sufficient to load the entire operating system.
One wonders if these types of memory restrictions, which ultimately killed the PDP 11, influenced the design of Unix to be more modular. Perhaps leading to things like shell piping of data between small programs.
Note: The boot code in this emulator is a custom PDP 11 program running with it's own set of light patterns. It is initially loaded at address 140000 and has a LIGHTS command which operates by mapping and executing a WAIT instruction from a pattern of virtual addresses located in Supervisor
mode. You can also use the BOOT command to start one of the guest operating systems listed below, or the ODT command to start a version of the Octal Debugging Tool.
If you wish to toggle in a simple light chaser to the front panel then here are some switch commands which can be used:
To restart the initial boot code (if it has not been overwritten) use the switch commands:
HALT, 140000, LOAD ADDRESS, START
If you are interested in how the emulator works then you can browse the source files on
Github.
The main Javascript files are pdp11.js, fpp.js and iopage.js
There are many PDP emulators out there and I have never seen what I consider to be a complete list. Some of the really interesting ones can be found by googling terms such as "vhdl pdp 11". However the gold standard seems to be SIMH at
Trailing Edge
. A different approach to Javascript PDP 11 emulation can be found at
www.pcjs.org
.
I believe that the first PDP 11 emulator would be SIM-11 written in FORTRAN before the first PDP 11/20 hardware was even built - see
How the PDP-11 Was Born
. There is more PDP 11 history at
www.hampage.hu
.
Of course if you want your own PDP 11/70 front panel you might consider a
PiDP-11
.
Happy emulating!
Paul Nankervis
List of guest OS's:
Disk
OS
Comment
RK0
Unix V5
Boot using:
unix
then login as
root
RK1
RT11 v4.0
The lightest/fastest OS here
RK2
RSTS V06C-03
Boot and login as
1,2
with password
SYSTEM
or as
11,70
using
PDP
RK3
XXDP
Diagnostic OS and utilities
RK4
RT-11 3B
Distribution for RT-11 Version 3B
RK5
RT-11 V5.4F
Distribution for RT-11 Version 5.4F
RL0
BSD 2.9
Boot using:
rl(0,0)rlunix
CTRL/D to get to multiuser
RL2
RSTS/E v7.0
Option: <LF> Suboption: <LF> ... Login as
1,2
using
SYSTEM
or
11,70
using
PDP
RL3
XXDP
Larger version of diagnostics - including PDP 11/70 utilities
RP0
ULTRIX-11 V3.1
CTRL/D to enter multiuser mode. Login as
root
with no password
RP2
RSTS/E v9.6
Answer boot questions and login as
1,2
(password
SYSTEM
) or
11,70
(no password)
RP3
RSX 11M v4.6
Starts logged in as
1,2
(password
SYSTEM
) - user accounts
200,1
(no password) or
11,70
(password
PDP
)
Note:
Disks are shown in approximately order size. The
RK05
disks at the top are small and not too bad to use across a network.
The
RP06
disks at the bottom can be rather slow.
BOOT> boot rk0
@unix
login: root
# cat /etc/passwd
root::0:1::/:
daemon::1:1::/bin:
bin::3:1::/bin:
# who
root tty8 Mar 21 12:09
# chdir /usr/sys/ken
# pwd
../usr/sys/ken
# ls -al
total 121
drwxr-xr-x 2 bin 352 Nov 26 18:13 .
drwxr-xr-x 5 bin 384 Nov 26 18:13 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 bin 3855 Nov 26 18:13 alloc.c
-rw-r--r-- 1 bin 2159 Nov 26 18:13 clock.c
-rw-r--r-- 1 bin 2662 Nov 26 18:13 fio.c
-rw-r--r-- 1 bin 2941 Nov 26 18:13 iget.c
-rw-r--r-- 1 bin 2674 Nov 26 18:13 main.c
...
# ls -al /usr/games
total 64
drwxr-xr-x 2 bin 144 Nov 26 18:13 .
drwxr-xr-x 14 bin 224 Nov 26 18:13 ..
-rwxr-xr-x 1 bin 1562 Nov 26 18:13 bj
-rwxr-xr-x 1 bin 16268 Nov 26 18:13 chess
-rwxr-xr-x 1 bin 2468 Nov 26 18:13 cubic
-rwxr-xr-x 1 bin 624 Nov 26 18:13 moo
-rwxr-xr-x 1 bin 2192 Nov 26 18:13 ttt
-rw-rw-rw- 1 bin 294 Nov 26 18:13 ttt.k
-rwxr-xr-x 1 bin 5386 Nov 26 18:13 wump
# ls -al /bin
total 339
drwxr-xr-x 2 bin 944 Nov 26 18:13 .
drwxr-xr-x 9 bin 160 Jan 29 16:14 ..
-rwxr-xr-x 1 bin 1514 Nov 26 18:13 ar
-rwxr-xr-x 1 bin 7308 Nov 26 18:13 as
-rwxr-xr-x 1 bin 6042 Nov 26 18:13 bas
-rwxr-xr-x 1 bin 152 Nov 26 18:13 cat
-rwxr-xr-x 1 bin 5668 Nov 26 18:13 cc
....
# ls -al /usr/source/s2
total 281
drwxr-xr-x 2 bin 848 Jan 2 19:36 .
drwxr-xr-x 7 bin 112 Nov 26 18:13 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 bin 4233 Nov 26 18:13 mail.c
-rw-r--r-- 1 bin 588 Nov 26 18:13 mesg.s
-rw-r--r-- 1 bin 1088 Nov 26 18:13 mkdir.s
-rw-r--r-- 1 bin 6922 Nov 26 18:13 mkfs.c
-rw-r--r-- 1 bin 563 Nov 26 18:13 mknod.c
...
# chdir /
# cal 10 1981
Oct 1981
S M Tu W Th F S
1 2 3
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17
18 19 20 21 22 23 24
25 26 27 28 29 30 31
# basprint sqr(2)
1.414213562
10 print "Calculating e"
20 p = 20
30 k = 1
40 e = 0
50 for x=1 p
60 e = e + 1/k
70 k = k * x
80 next x
90 print "e=" e " (" exp(1) ")"
run
Calculating e
e=2.718281828 (2.718281828)
CTRL/D
# cat > hello.c
main(argc, argv)
char **argv;
{
printf("Hello world\n");
}CTRL/D
# cc hello.c
# a.out
Hello world
# cat > pi.f
c PI via Nilakantha series: 3 + 4/(2*3*4) - 4/(4*5*6) + 4/(6*7*8) ...
double precision pi, n, d
pi = 3.0
n = 4.0
d = 2.0
do 25 i=1,3000
pi = pi + n / (d * (d + 1.0) * (d + 2.0))
d = d + 2.0
n = -n
25 continue
write(6,70) pi
70 format('PI is approximately ', d2.16)
endCTRL/D
# fc pi.f
# a.out
PI is approximately 0.3141592653580503d+01
#
Example boot of RT11 v4.0
BOOT> boot rk1
RT-11SJ V04.00C
.D 56=5015
.TYPE V4USER.TXT
Welcome to RT-11 Version 4. RT-11 V04 provides new hardware support
and some major enhancements over Version 3B.
Please use the HELP command; it describes the new options in many
of the utilities.
If you are using a terminal that requires fill characters,
modify location 56 with a Deposit command before proceeding with
system installation. LA36 DECwriter II and VT52 DECscope terminals
do NOT require such modification.
.D 56=0
.DIR
SWAP .SYS 25 01-Feb-82 RT11BL.SYS 65 01-Feb-82
RT11SJ.SYS 67 01-Feb-82 RT11FB.SYS 80 01-Feb-82
...
DISMT2.COM 8 01-Feb-82 DUNGEO.COM 1 07-Jun-86
DSAVE .DAT 10 07-Jun-86 ADVENT.DOC 4 20-Jul-85
DUNGEO.SAV 216 07-Jun-86 DINDX .DAT 20 07-Jun-86
DTEXT .DAT 383 07-Jun-86 ADVENT.SAV 93 20-Jul-85
ADVENT.VAR 22 20-Jul-85 ADVTXT.TXT 125 20-Jul-85
ODT11 .MAC 61 31-Oct-74 ANIMAL.SAV 22 02-Oct-85
BLKJAK.SAV 20 02-Nov-85 FORTH .MAC 146
RTLEM .MAC 363 06-Sep-73 BOOT .MAC 26 24-Mar-75
118 Files, 3392 Blocks
1370 Free blocks
.R DUNGEO
Welcome to Dungeon. This version created 10-AUG-78.
You are in an open field west of a big white house with a boarded
front door.
There is a small mailbox here.
>OPEN MAILBOX
Opening the mailbox reveals:
A leaflet.
>READ LEAFLET
Taken.
Welcome to Dungeon!
Dungeon is a game of adventure, danger, and low cunning. In it
you will explore some of the most amazing territory ever seen by mortal
man. Hardened adventurers have run screaming from the terrors contained
within.
In Dungeon, the intrepid explorer delves into the forgotten secrets
of a lost labyrinth deep in the bowels of the earth, searching for
vast treasures long hidden from prying eyes, treasures guarded by
fearsome monsters and diabolical traps!
No DECsystem should be without one!
Dungeon was created at the Programming Technology Division of the MIT
Laboratory for Computer Science by Tim Anderson, Marc Blank, Bruce
Daniels, and Dave Lebling. It was inspired by the Adventure game of
Crowther and Woods, and the Dungeons and Dragons game of Gygax
and Arneson. The original version was written in MDL (alias MUDDLE).
The current version was translated from MDL into FORTRAN IV by
a somewhat paranoid DEC engineer who prefers to remain anonymous.
On-line information may be obtained with the commands HELP and INFO.
>QUIT
Your score would be 0 [total of 560 points], in 1 move.
This gives you the rank of beginner.
Do you wish to leave the game?
Y
.MAC RTLEM
ERRORS DETECTED: 0
.LINK RTLEM
.RUN RTLEM
... attempt to land the lunar module using the mouse as a light pen - goodluck!
Example boot of RSTS V06C-03
BOOT> boot rk2
RSTS V06C-03 Vixen (DK2)
Option:
You currently have: JOB MAX = 31, SWAP MAX = 28K.
You currently have crash dump disabled.
DD-MMM-YY? 31-OCT-76
12:00 PM? 9:03
INIT V06C-03 RSTS V06C-03 Vixen
Command File Name?
DETACHING...
I11/70
Password: PDP
Ready
DIR
Name .Ext Size Prot Date SY:[11,70]
ACEY .BAS 5 < 60> 31-Oct-76
TREK .BAS 16 < 60> 31-Oct-76
TREK .DOC 9 < 60> 31-Oct-76
ANIMAL.BAS 5 < 60> 31-Oct-76
STRTRK.BAS 27 < 60> 31-Mar-81
STRTR1.BAS 9 < 60> 31-Mar-81
ADVENT.DOC 4 < 60> 20-Jul-85
ADVENT.SAV 93 <124> 20-Jul-85
ADVENT.VAR 22 < 60> 20-Jul-85
ADVTXT.TXT 125 < 60> 20-Jul-85
SYSMAC.SML 42 < 60> 13-Mar-77
HELLO .MAC 1 < 60> 13-Mar-77
PRIME .BAS 1 < 60> 24-Mar-76
PI .BAS 1 < 60> 24-Mar-76
BOOT .MAC 26 < 60> 01-Jan-76
Total of 386 blocks in 15 files in SY:[11,70]
Ready
RUN PI
3.14159265358979
Ready
RUN ADVENT
WELCOME TO ADVENTURE!! WOULD YOU LIKE INSTRUCTIONS?
NO
YOU ARE STANDING AT THE END OF A ROAD BEFORE A SMALL BRICK BUILDING.
AROUND YOU IS A FOREST. A SMALL STREAM FLOWS OUT OF THE BUILDING AND
DOWN A GULLY.
E
YOU ARE INSIDE A BUILDING, A WELL HOUSE FOR A LARGE SPRING.
THERE ARE SOME KEYS ON THE GROUND HERE.
THERE IS A SHINY BRASS LAMP NEARBY.
THERE IS FOOD HERE.
THERE IS A BOTTLE OF WATER HERE.
GET FOOD
OK
QUIT
DO YOU REALLY WANT TO QUIT NOW?
Y
OK
YOU SCORED 32 OUT OF A POSSIBLE 350, USING 3 TURNS.
YOU ARE OBVIOUSLY A RANK AMATEUR. BETTER LUCK NEXT TIME.
TO ACHIEVE THE NEXT HIGHER RATING, YOU NEED 4 MORE POINTS.
Ready
RUN ACEY
ACEY DUCEY CARD GAME
CREATIVE COMPUTING MORRISTOWN, NEW JERSEY
ACEY-DUCEY IS PLAYED IN THE FOLLOWING MANNER
THE DEALER (COMPUTER) DEALS TWO CARDS FACE UP
YOU HAVE AN OPTION TO BET OR NOT BET DEPENDING
ON WHETHER OR NOT YOU FEEL THE CARD WILL HAVE
A VALUE BETWEEN THE FIRST TWO.
IF YOU DO NOT WANT TO BET, INPUT A 0
YOU NOW HAVE 100 DOLLARS.
HERE ARE YOUR NEXT TWO CARDS:
4
5
WHAT IS YOUR BET? 100
9
SORRY, YOU LOSE
SORRY, FRIEND, BUT YOU BLEW YOUR WAD.
TRY AGAIN (YES OR NO)? NO
O.K., HOPE YOU HAD FUN!
Ready
SYSTAT
RSTS V06C-03 Vixen status at 31-Oct-76, 09:05 AM Up: 2:34
Job Who Where What Size State Run-Time RTS
1 [OPR] Det ERRCPY 5K SR 5.0 BASIC
2 [SELF] KB0 SYSTAT 8K RN Lck 2.1 BASIC
Busy Devices: None
Disk Structure:
Disk Open Free Cluster Errors Name Comments
DK2 3 324 1 0 VIXEN Pub, DLW
Small Large Jobs Hung TTY's Errors
380 1 2/2 0 0
Run-Time Systems:
Name Ext Size Users Comments
BASIC BAC 16(16)K 2 Perm, Addr:26, KBM, CSZ
RSX TSK 2(28)K 0 Non-Res, KBM
RT11 SAV 4(28)K 0 Temp, Addr:66, KBM, CSZ, EMT:255
RMS11 TSK 4(28)K 0 Non-Res
Message Receivers:
Name Job Msgs Max Senders
ERRLOG 1 0 40 Priv
Ready
BYE/Y
Saved all disk files; 388 blocks in use, 112 free
Job 2 User 11,70 logged off KB0 at 31-Oct-76 09:05 AM
System RSTS V06C-03 Vixen
Run time was 2.7 seconds
Elapsed time was 2 minutes
Good morning
Example boot of XXDP
BOOT> boot rk3
CHMDKB1 XXDP+ DK MONITOR
BOOTED VIA UNIT 3
28K UNIBUS SYSTEM
ENTER DATE (DD-MMM-YY):
RESTART ADDR: 152010
THIS IS XXDP+. TYPE "H" OR "H/L" FOR HELP.
.R KFPA??
KFPAD0.BIC
CKFPAD0 FP11F FLTG PNT PRT A
EOP MSGS WILL PRINT EVERY 4 PASSES (15 SECONDS)
HIT ANY KEY TO DISABLE/ENABLE EOP MESSAGES
END PASS # 4
END PASS # 10
END PASS # 14
...
Example boot of RSTS 4B-17
BOOT> boot tm0
ROLLIN V07
#DK:<MT:VIXEN/REW
END-OF-FILE DURING READ, TYPE
M TO MOUNT ANOTHER REEL, OR K TO KILL REQUEST: k
#/BO:DK:
RSTS V04B-17 VIXEN
OPTION? ST
DD-MON-YY? 31-OCT-74
HH:MM? 08:55
VIXEN - SYSTEM PACK MOUNTED
ENABLE CRASH DUMP? N
CHAIN "INIT"
CATASTROPHIC ERROR
PROGRAM LOST-SORRY
I/O CHANNEL NOT OPEN
Ready
SYSTEM INITIALIZATION PROGRAM
END OF FILE ON DEVICE - INIT ASSUMED COMPLETE
Ready
CAT
LOGIN .BAS 7 60 31-Oct-71 31-Oct-71 06:42 AM
LOGIN .BAC 15 60 31-Oct-71 31-Oct-71 06:42 AM
LOGOUT.BAS 7 60 31-Oct-71 31-Oct-71 06:42 AM
LOGOUT.BAC 15 60 31-Oct-71 31-Oct-71 06:42 AM
PIP .BAS 18 60 31-Oct-71 31-Oct-71 06:42 AM
PIP .BAC 23 40 31-Oct-71 31-Oct-71 06:42 AM
SYSTAT.BAS 12 60 31-Oct-71 31-Oct-71 06:42 AM
...
Ready
BYE
CONFIRM: Y
SAVED ALL DISK FILES; 782 BLOCKS IN USE
JOB 1 USER 1,2 LOGGED OFF KB0 AT 31-Oct-74 08:55 AM
SYSTEM RSTS V04B-17 VIXEN
RUN TIME WAS .1 SECONDS
ELAPSED TIME WAS 10 SECONDS
GOOD MORNING
HELLO
RSTS V04B-17 VIXEN JOB 1 KB0 31-Oct-74 08:55 AM
#11,70
PASSWORD: PDP
RSTS V4B-17 IS NOW AVAILABLE...
NEW OR OLD--OLD
Old file name--PI
Ready
LIST
PI 08:55 AM 31-Oct-74
10 REM CALCULATE PI
20 P = 0
30 P1 = 1
40 FOR K%=0% TO 10%
50 P = P + 1.0/P1 * (4.0/(8%*K% + 1%) - 2.0/(8%*K% + 4%) - 1.0/(8%*K% +
5%) - 1.0/(8%*K% + 6%))
60 P1 = P1 * 16.0
70 NEXT K%
80 PRINT USING "#.##############",P
99 END
Ready
RUN
PI 08:55 AM 31-Oct-74
3.14159265358979
Ready
RUN $TTYSET
'TTYSET' TERMINAL CHARACTERISTICS PROGRAM
? LC
? ^Z
Ready
RUN $UTILTY
PROTECTION VIOLATION
Ready
CAT $
LOGIN .BAS 7 60 31-Oct-71 31-Oct-71 06:42 AM
LOGIN .BAC 15 60 31-Oct-74 31-Oct-71 06:42 AM
LOGOUT.BAS 7 60 31-Oct-71 31-Oct-71 06:42 AM
LOGOUT.BAC 15 60 31-Oct-74 31-Oct-71 06:42 AM
PIP .BAS 18 60 31-Oct-71 31-Oct-71 06:42 AM
PIP .BAC 23 40 31-Oct-71 31-Oct-71 06:42 AM
...
ODT .BAC 19 40 PROTECTION VIOLATION
Ready
RUN $SYSTAT
OUTPUT STATUS TO?
RSTS V04B-17 VIXEN STATUS ON 31-Oct-74 AT 08:56 AM UP: 1:37
JOB WHO WHERE WHAT SIZE STATE RUN-TIME
1 11,70 KB0 SYSTAT 6K RN 0.0
BUSY DEVICES: NONE
DISK STRUCTURE:
DISK OPEN FREE CLUSTER ERRORS COMMENTS
DK0 0 3184 1 0 PUBLIC
SMALL LARGE ERRORS HUNG TTY'S
68 0 0 0
Ready
RUN PRIME
1 2 3 5 7
11 13 17 19 23
29 31 37 41 43
...
CPU TIME 2.3 SECONDS
Ready
CAT
PRIME .BAS 1 60 31-Oct-74 31-Oct-71 06:43 AM
PI .BAS 1 60 31-Oct-74 31-Oct-71 06:43 AM
TEMP01.TMP 1 60 31-Oct-74 31-Oct-74 08:55 AM
Ready
Example boot of BSD 2.9
BOOT> boot rl0
:boot
45Boot
: rl(0,0)rlunix
Berkeley UNIX (Rev. 2.9.1) Sun Nov 20 14:55:50 PST 1983
mem = 135872
xp2: drive type 20 unrecognized
xp3: drive type 20 unrecognized
CONFIGURE SYSTEM:
xp 0 csr 176700 vector 254 attached
rk 0 csr 177400 vector 220 attached
hk ? csr 177440 vector 210 skipped: No CSR
rl 0 csr 174400 vector 160 attached
rp ? csr 176700 vector 254 interrupt vector already in use
ht 0 csr 172440 vector 224 skipped: No CSR
tm 0 csr 172520 vector 224 attached
ts 0 csr 172520 vector 224 interrupt vector already in use
dh ? csr 160020 vector 370 skipped: No CSR
dm ? csr 170500 vector 360 skipped: No autoconfig routines
dz ? csr 160110 vector 320 skipped: No CSR
dz ? csr 160110 vector 320 skipped: No CSR
dn 0 csr 175200 vector 300 skipped: No autoconfig routines
vp ? csr 177500 vector 174 skipped: No autoconfig routines
lp 0 csr 177514 vector 200 attached
Erase=^?, kill=^U, intr=^C
# ls -al
total 546
drwxr-xr-x11 root daemon 512 Mar 7 09:00 .
drwxr-xr-x11 root daemon 512 Mar 7 09:00 ..
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root daemon 164 Sep 29 09:20 .cshrc
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root daemon 266 Mar 7 08:43 .login
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root superuse 2 Jul 26 16:00 .msgsrc
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root daemon 116 Mar 30 00:59 .profile
-rw-r--r-- 1 root superuse 56 Nov 20 16:03 2.9stamp
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root superuse 450 Mar 30 00:50 READ_ME
drwxrwxr-x 2 bin bin 1632 Nov 20 16:04 bin
-rwxrwxr-x 1 root superuse 23572 Mar 7 09:05 boot
drwxrwxr-x 2 root superuse 1424 Nov 20 18:11 dev
drwxr-xr-x 2 root superuse 768 Nov 20 17:46 etc
....
# cat /etc/passwd
root::0:2:The Man:/:/bin/csh
toor::0:2:The Man:/:
daemon:***:1:1:The devil himself:/:
sys:***:2:1::/:
bin:***:3:1::/:
uucp::4:1:UNIX-to-UNIX Copy:/usr/spool/uucppublic:/usr/lib/uucp/uucico
notes:***:5:1:Notesfiles maintainer:/usr/spool/notes:
anon:***:6:1:Notesfiles anonymous user:/usr/spool/notes:
news:***:7:1:News maintainer:/usr/spool/news:
wnj:ZDjXDBwXle2gc:8:2:Bill Joy,457E,7780:/a/guest/wnj:/bin/csh
dmr:AiInt5qKdjmHs:9:2:Dennis Ritchie:/a/guest/dmr:
ken:sq5UDrPlKj1nA:10:2:& Thompson:/a/guest/ken:
mike:KnKNwMkyCt8ZI:11:2:mike karels:/a/guest/mike:/bin/csh
carl:S2KiTfS3pH3kg:12:2:& Smith,508-21E,6258:/a/guest/carl:/bin/csh
joshua::999:2:&:/usr/games:/usr/games/wargames
# CTRL/D
Wed Dec 31 16:03:18 PST 1969
/etc/fstab: No such file or directory
/usr/sys: No such file or directory
init: /dev/tty02: cannot open
init: /dev/tty01: cannot open
...
Berkeley Unix 2.9BSD
:login: root
Welcome to the 2.9BSD (Berkeley) UNIX system.
tty: Command not found.
# ls -al /bin
total 1182
-rwxrwxr-x 1 bin bin 8692 Dec 31 16:59 #
drwxrwxr-x 2 bin bin 1632 Nov 20 16:04 .
drwxr-xr-x11 root daemon 512 Mar 7 09:00 ..
-rwxrwxr-x 2 bin bin 2917 Dec 31 16:59 [
-rwxrwxr-x 1 bin bin 30340 Mar 24 08:27 adb
-rwxrwxr-x 1 bin bin 9844 Dec 31 16:58 ar
-rwxrwxr-t 1 bin bin 5626 Sep 30 17:39 as
-rwxrwxr-x 1 bin bin 4508 Jan 18 08:22 cat
-rwxrwxr-t 1 bin bin 7314 Oct 9 04:04 cc
-rwxrwxr-x 1 bin bin 5096 Dec 31 16:59 chgrp
-rwxrwxr-x 1 bin bin 3364 Dec 31 16:59 chmod
-rwxrwxr-x 1 bin bin 20096 Sep 27 00:23 chown
-rwxrwxr-x 1 bin bin 3500 Dec 31 16:59 clri
...
Example boot of RSTS/E v7.0
BOOT> boot rl2
RSTS V7.0-07 Vixen (DL2)
Option: <LF>
You currently have: JOB MAX = 63, SWAP MAX = 31K.
Default memory allocation table specifies nonexistent memory.
Table will be reset by RSTS.
Memory allocation table:
0K: 00000000 - 00207777 ( 34K) : EXEC
34K: 00210000 - 00307777 ( 16K) : RTS (BASIC)
50K: 00310000 - 00757777 ( 74K) : USER
124K: 00760000 - End : NXM
Table suboption? <LF>
You currently have crash dump disabled.
DD-MMM-YY? 31-OCT-81
12:00 PM? 12:00
INIT V7.0-07 RSTS V7.0-07 Vixen
Command File Name?
DETACHING...
...
HELLO 1/2
Password:
Job 1 is detached under this account
Job number to attach to?
1 other user is logged in under this account
Ready
PRINT "HELLO WORLD",PI*4
HELLO WORLD 12.5664
Ready
DIR
Name .Ext Size Prot Date SY:[1,2]
MINCOP.BAS 15 < 60> 24-Sep-79
PIP .SAV 50 <232> 23-Sep-79
PIPSAV.TXT 29 < 40> 23-Sep-79
ONLPAT.SAV 59 <104> 23-Sep-79
MACRO .SAV 57 <104> 23-Sep-79
CREF .SAV 8 <104> 23-Sep-79
LINK .SAV 40 <104> 23-Sep-79
...
Total of 5196 blocks in 149 files in SY:[1,2]
Ready
SYSTAT
RSTS V7.0-07 Vixen status at 31-Oct-81, 12:01 PM Up: 1:07
Job Who Where What Size State Run-Time Pri/RB RTS
1 [SELF] Det ERRCPY 5/31K SR 9.7 0/6 BASIC
2 [SELF] KB0 SYSTAT 11/31K RN Lck 5.8 -8/6 BASIC
Busy Devices: None
Disk Structure:
Disk Open Free Cluster Errors Name Comments
DL2 3 2500 1 0 VIXEN Pub, DLW
Small Large Jobs Hung TTY's Errors
494 1 2/2 0 0
Run-Time Systems:
Name Ext Size Users Comments
BASIC BAC 16(16)K 2 Perm, Addr:34, KBM, CSZ
RT11 SAV 4(28)K 0 Non-Res, KBM, CSZ, EMT:255
RSX TSK 3(28)K 0 Non-Res, KBM
TECO TEC 8(24)K 0 Non-Res
Resident Libraries: None
Message Receivers:
Name Job Msgs Max Senders
ERRLOG 1 0 40 Priv
Ready
BYE
Confirm: Y
Saved all disk files; 5257 blocks in use
Job 2 User 1,2 logged off KB0 at 31-Oct-81 12:01 PM
1 other user still logged in under this account
System RSTS V7.0-07 Vixen
Run time was 6.5 seconds
Elapsed time was 1 minute
Good afternoon
Example boot of XXDP
BOOT> boot rl3
CHMDLD0 XXDP+ DL MONITOR
BOOTED VIA UNIT 3
28K UNIBUS SYSTEM
ENTER DATE (DD-MMM-YY):
RESTART ADDR: 152010
THIS IS XXDP+. TYPE "H" OR "H/L" FOR HELP.
.R FFPC??
FFPCB0.BIC
CFFPCB0 11/34 FFP DIAG PRT3
END PASS # 1 TOTAL ERRORS SINCE LAST REPORT 0
END PASS # 2 TOTAL ERRORS SINCE LAST REPORT 0
END PASS # 3 TOTAL ERRORS SINCE LAST REPORT 0
END PASS # 4 TOTAL ERRORS SINCE LAST REPORT 0
END PASS # 5 TOTAL ERRORS SINCE LAST REPORT 0
...
Example boot of ULTRIX-11 System V3.1
BOOT> boot rp0
Sizing Memory...
Boot: hp(0,0)unix (CTRL/C will abort auto-boot)
Load device (? for help, <RETURN> if none) < ht tm ts tk rx rl rc > ?
hp(0,0)unix: 14784+17024+8192+8000+8064+8000+8064+8128+8000+7808+7936+7936+7680+7360+1344
ULTRIX-11 Kernel V3.1
realmem = 253952
buffers = 25600
clists = 1600
usermem = 94784
maxumem = 94784
erase = delete, kill = ^U, intr = ^C
# CTRL/D
Restricted rights:
Use, duplication, or disclosure is subject
to restrictions stated in your contract with
Digital Equipment Corporation.
*UNIX is a trademark of AT&T Bell Laboratories.
Mounted /dev/hp01 on /usr
Mounted /dev/hp04 on /user1
Sat Oct 31 12:06:37 GMT-0:00 1981
ERROR LOG has - 1 of 200 blocks used
ULTRIX-11 System V3.1 (vixen)
login: root
Welcome to the ULTRIX-11 System
erase = delete, kill = ^U, intr = ^C
vixen# uname -a
ULTRIX-11 vixen 3 0 PDP-11/45
vixen# ps -xl
F S UID PID PPID CPU PRI NICE ADDR SZ WCHAN TTY TIME CMD
3 S 0 0 0 207 0 20 3756 4 73326 ? 0:28 swapper
1 S 0 1 0 0 30 20 4770 13 114226 ? 0:00 /etc/init
1101 S 0 2 1 0 5 0 6162 22 112272 ? 0:00 /etc/elc
0 S 0 41 1 0 30 20 109 16 114352 co 0:01 -sh
1 R 0 49 41 22 51 20 5341 28 co 0:00 ps -xl
201 S 0 33 1 0 40 20 5251 7 140000 ? 0:00 /etc/update
201 S 0 37 1 0 40 20 7017 13 140000 ? 0:00 /etc/cron
vixen# w
12:07pm up 1 min, 1 user, load average: 0.46, 0.11, 0.04
User tty login@ idle JCPU PCPU what
root console 12:06pm 1 1 w
vixen# mount
hp01 on /usr
hp04 on /user1
vixen# df
Filesystem total kbytes kbytes percent
node kbytes used free used Mounted on
/dev/hp00 4606 3077 1529 67% /
/dev/hp01 9629 3594 6035 37% /usr
/dev/hp04 148244 2 148242 0% /user1
vixen# set
HOME=/
IFS=
PATH=:/usr/ucb:/bin:/usr/bin:/etc
PS1=vixen#
PS2=>
SHELL=/bin/sh
TERM=dw3
TZ=GMT0
USER=root
vixen# cat .profile
PS1=`hostname`'# '
echo "erase = delete, kill = ^U, intr = ^C"
if test `tty` = /dev/console
then
stty dec prterase
else
stty crt tabs
fi
PATH=:/usr/ucb:/bin:/usr/bin:/etc
export PATH
vixen# ls /etc
accton fpsim init msf protocols termcap
arp fsdb ipatch mtab rawfs tss
catman fstab labelit networks rc ttys
cron getty log newfs rdate ttytype
cshprofile gettytab lpdrestart nu remote tzname
dcopy group lpset nu.cf route umount
ddate hosts mkfs nulib rx2fmt update
dmesg hosts.equiv mknod passwd services utmp
elc ifconfig motd printcap syslog.conf vipw
eli inetd.conf mount profile syslog.pid volcopy
vixen#
Example boot of RSX 11M 4.6
BOOT> boot rp3
RSX-11M V4.6 BL56 124.K MAPPED
>RED DB3:=SY:
>RED DB3:=LB:
>MOU DB3:RSXM56
>@DB3:[1,2]STARTUP
>* PLEASE ENTER TIME AND DATE (HR:MN DD-MMM-YY) [S]:
>TIM
00:00:14 29-APR-74
>* ENTER LINE WIDTH OF THIS TERMINAL [D D:132.]:
>SET /BUF=TI:132.
>ACS SY:/BLKS=1024.
>;
>; This system startup command file (LB:[1,2]STARTUP.CMD) contains a
>; template of commands to initialize the queue print spooler and queue
>; LP0:, initialize the error logger, initialize the DCL CLI, and install
>; the RMS Library and Utilities. As is these commands are commented out
>; and are not executed. To include these commands as part of the
>; startup procedure, edit the file to remove the period and semi-colon
>; (.;) comment delimiter from the beginning of each line. These
>; commands may be useful for initializing the various facilities for
>; your installation or else they may provide a model with which to
>; tailor initialization commands for your particular installation.
>;
>ELI /LOG
00:00:16 ERRLOG -- Error Logging initialized
>CLI /INIT=DCL/TASK=...DCL
>INS LB:[1,54]PIP.TSK
>INS LB:[1,54]EDT.TSK
>INS LB:[1,54]TKB.TSK
>INS LB:[1,54]MAC.TSK
>INS LB:[1,54]BRU.TSK
>@ <EOF>
>HELP
Help is available for many RSX-11M commands and utilities.
For help in logging into the system, type HELP HELLO or HELP
LOGIN. You'll need a user-ID and password to log in. Ask your
system manager.
RSX-11M systems have two major command languages or CLIs: MCR
and DCL. Once you log in, your terminal is set to either
MCR or DCL. (All terminals are set to MCR prior to logging in.)
The general forms of the HELP command are:
>HELP[/cli] topic [subtopic[s]]
>HELP commandname [switch]
Once you are logged in, you need not include the name of the CLI
to which your terminal is set.
For information on what further help is available, type
HELP[/MCR] LIST (brackets indicate an optional command line
entry) or HELP/DCL. For a listing of help available on other
topics, type HELP[/MCR] MORE or HELP/DCL MORE. You need not
log in to get help.
>BYE
Have a nice day
29-APR-74 00:00 TT0: logged off VIXEN
>
Software Sources
Most of the software running in this emulator has been sourced from archives such as ftp://ftp.trailing-edge.com/pub/, https://www.tuhs.org/ or http://bitsavers.org/bits/DEC/pdp11/ which are fantastic resources for historical software. However a lot of PDP 11 software has suffered tape corruption or has been simply lost over the years. If you know of other archives or have access to other software distributions I would love to hear from you!
